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The Jerrold Kemp Instructional is a relatively recent instructional design model, explicated in Kemp's book, Designing Effective Instruction. It has been called a holistic approach because some believe it includes more elements into the design process. The steps are as follows:
1. Identify instructional problems, and specify goals for designing an instructional program.
2. Examine learner characteristics that should receive attention during planning.
3. Identify subject content, and analyze task components related to stated goals and purposes.
4. State instructional objectives for the learner.
5. Sequence content within each instructional unit for logical learning.
6. Design instructional strategies so that each learner can master the objectives.
7. Plan the instructional message and delivery.
8. Develop evaluation instruments to assess objectives.
9. Select resources to support instruction and learning activities.